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离子液体合成与设计项目介绍
离子液体(Ionic Liquids)是指由有机的烷基咪唑,季胺盐,烷基吡啶等正离子与不同的负离子如,氯离子,BF4-,PF6-,CF3CO2-,N(CN)-2等组成的低熔点有机熔盐,它们有许多在室温甚至低温下是液体,因此又称之为室温离子液体.它们具有没有蒸汽压,热稳定好,(最高可达300-400℃),良好的导电性;对有机化合物,无机化合物,金属有机化合物,气体如:H2,CO,O2有广泛的溶解性;可也和有机溶剂,水混溶和不溶形成双相或多相反应体系;最引人注意的是其极性,亲水、亲酯性可以通过烷基碳链的长短和不同的负离子可以进行调节，因此双被称为可设计的溶剂。离子液体作为新的绿色溶剂在有机合成电化学研究领域已经得到广泛应用，其主要应用有：1、取代易挥发的有机溶剂，减少环境污染；2、固载催化剂，减少催化剂的消耗；3、提高化学反应和活性和选择性；4、用作电池等电化学材料等。德国（solvent-innovation Co）公司已将离子液体作为商品开发并进行生产，产品价格非常昂贵。目前国内还未见有关产品商业化的报道。河北师范大学化工研究所已将离子液体开发研究及商品化作为未来绿色化学的发展方向；现已开发十几种离子液体（见附表），并准备开发和设计更多的离子液体，欢迎国内外企业、研究单位垂询、使用、合作开发更多实用的离子液体和新的用途。共创绿色化工和清洁生产的新局面。
附表商品化的离子液体：
1、氯化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑盐。
2、氯化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑盐。
3、氯化1-丁基-2，3-二甲基咪唑盐。
4、溴化1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑盐。
5、1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑甲氟硼酸盐。
6、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐。
7、1-丁基-2，3-二甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐。
8、1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐。
9、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐。
10、1-丁基-2，3-二甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐。
Designing and synthesis of ionic liquids
Ionic Liquids (low melting point organic molten salts) are generally salts of organic cations e.g. 1.3-dialkylimidaaxolium, tetraalkyammonium, N-alkylpyridinium etc with some anion such as Cl-,BF4-,PF6-,CF3CO2-,N(CN)-2.Many of them are liquids in room temperature even in the low temperature, so they were called the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). RTILs exhibits many specially properties such as no vapour pressure, good thermal slability (stable up to 300-400),high ionic conductivity, a wide solubility of organic, inorganic, organometallic compounds, gas e.g. H2,CO,O2.They are immiscible/multiphasic systems; the most interestion property is that the polarity and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity can be adjusted by choice of cation/anion and ionic liquids have been referred to designer solvents. Ionic liquids as new green solvents have been widely applied in the organic synthesis and electrochemistry. The mainly applications are:
1. replacing volatile organic solvents;
2. immobilized the catalyst to minimixing the consumption of catalyst;
3. enhancing the overall activity and selectivity of chemical processes;
4. using in sells as electrochemistry materials.
Solven-Innovation Co. In Germany has commercialized the ionic liquids but the prices of ionic liquids are expensive. They are no report about commercial ionic liquids in China. The Institute of Chemistry R&D in ionic liquids for the future of green chemistry. Welcom Companies and Institutes all over the world to our institute for discussing, application and cooperation designing and developing more ionic
liquids for green chemical technology and cleaning process.
Table commercial ionic liquids:
1. 1-Ethyl-3-methy-imidazolium chloride.
2. 1- Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride.
3. 1- Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium chloride.
4、1- Ethyl-imidazolium bromide.
5、1- Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
6、1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
7、1-Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
8、1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophoshate.
9、1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophoshate.
10、1-Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hexafluorophoshate.
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